Active And Passive

A.     ACTIVE VOICE

Active Voice adalah kalimat dimana subject melakukan suatu pekerjaan atau pelaku dari sebuah aksi/tindakan yang berhubungan langsung dengan verb (kata kerja).

Examples:

1. Cindy eats an apple.
2. I drink a cup of coffee.

Dari kedua contoh di atas, dapat kita ketahui bahwa Cindy dan I adalah subject yang melakukan suatu pekerjaan, yaitu eats (makan) dan drink (minum) sehingga kalimat tersebut disebut kalimat active (active voice).

B.      PASSIVE VOICE

Berbeda dengan active voice, passive voice adalah kalimat dimana subjectnya dikenai atau menerima suatu pekerjaan. Perhatikan contoh dibawah ini:

1. An apple is eaten by Cindy.
2. A cup of coffee is drunk by me.

Jika kita lihat dan bandingkan antara contoh pada active voice dan passice voice diatas, dapat kita simpulkan bahwa passive voice adalah kebalikan dari active voice, yaitu kita hanya merubah object menjadi subject dan subject menjadi object dalam passive voice.

Secara garis besar, kita dapat merubah active voice menjadi passive voice dengan rumus sebagai berikut:

S + To Be + V3 + by ….

Untuk merubah active voice menjadi passive voice perlu kita perhatikan hal-hal di bawah ini:

1. Kata kerja (Verb) yang digunakan pada active voice harus kata kerja Transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang dapat diikuti oleh suatu object atau benda.
2. Kata kerja yang digunakan pada passive voice adalah V3 (Past Participle).
3. Tobe harus kita sesuaikan dengan tenses yang digunakan pada active voice. Perhatikan tabel di berikut ini:

TENSES		ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Simple	Simple Present	S + V1	S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by ....
	Simple Past	S + V2	S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by ....
	Simple Future	S + will + V1	S + will be + V3 + by ....
	Simple Past Future	S + would + V1	S + would be + V3 + by ....
Continuous	Present Continuous	S + to be (am, are, is) + V.ing	S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by ....
	Past Continuous	S + to be (was, were) + V.ing	S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by....
	Future Continuous	S + will/shall + be + V.ing	S + will/shall + be being + V3 + by ....
	Past Future Continuous	S + would/should + be + V.ing	S + would/should + be being + V3 + by ....
Perfect	Present Perfect	S + have/has + V3	S + have/has + been + V3 + by ....
	Past Perfect	S + had + V3	S + had been + V3 + by ....
	Future Perfect	S + will/shall + have + V3	S + will/shall + have been + V3 + by ...
	Past Future Perfect	S + would/should + have + V3	S + would/should + have been + V3 + by ....
Perfect Continuous	Present Perfect Continuous	S + have/has + been + V.ing	S + have/has + been being + V3 + by ....
	Past Perfect Continuous	S + had been + V.ing	S + had been being + V3 + by ....
	Future Perfect Continuous	S + will/shall + have been + V.ing	S + will/shall + have been being + V3 + by ....
	Past Future Perfect Continuous	S + would/should + have been + V.ing	S + would/should + have been being + V3 + by ....